Original Research and Critical Analysis |
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr Joan Brunkard, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, MS F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 (jbrunkard{at}cdc.gov).
Objective: Hurricane Katrina struck the US Gulf Coast on August 29, 2005, causing unprecedented damage to numerous communities in Louisiana and Mississippi. Our objectives were to verify, document, and characterize Katrina-related mortality in Louisiana and help identify strategies to reduce mortality in future disasters.
Methods: We assessed Hurricane Katrina mortality data sources received in 2007, including Louisiana and out-of-state death certificates for deaths occurring from August 27 to October 31, 2005, and the Disaster Mortuary Operational Response Team's confirmed victims' database. We calculated age-, race-, and sex-specific mortality rates for Orleans, St Bernard, and Jefferson Parishes, where 95% of Katrina victims resided and conducted stratified analyses by parish of residence to compare differences between observed proportions of victim demographic characteristics and expected values based on 2000 US Census data, using Pearson chi square and Fisher exact tests.
Results: We identified 971 Katrina-related deaths in Louisiana and 15 deaths among Katrina evacuees in other states. Drowning (40%), injury and trauma (25%), and heart conditions (11%) were the major causes of death among Louisiana victims. Forty-nine percent of victims were people 75 years old and older. Fifty-three percent of victims were men; 51% were black; and 42% were white. In Orleans Parish, the mortality rate among blacks was 1.7 to 4 times higher than that among whites for all people 18 years old and older. People 75 years old and older were significantly more likely to be storm victims (P < .0001).
Conclusions: Hurricane Katrina was the deadliest hurricane to strike the US Gulf Coast since 1928. Drowning was the major cause of death and people 75 years old and older were the most affected population cohort. Future disaster preparedness efforts must focus on evacuating and caring for vulnerable populations, including those in hospitals, long-term care facilities, and personal residences. Improving mortality reporting timeliness will enable response teams to provide appropriate interventions to these populations and to prepare and implement preventive measures before the next disaster.
Key Words: Hurricane Katrina • Louisiana • mortality • drowning • flooding • disaster preparedness
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  Y. Kamo, T. L. Henderson, and K. A. Roberto Displaced Older Adults' Reactions to and Coping With the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina Journal of Family Issues, October 1, 2011; 32(10): 1346 - 1370. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Hyer, L. M. Brown, L. Polivka-West, and A. Berman Helping Nursing Homes Prepare For Disasters Health Aff., October 1, 2010; 29(10): 1961 - 1965. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. J. Lavie, T. C. Gerber, and W. L. Lanier Hurricane Katrina: The Infarcts Beyond the Storm Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness, October 1, 2009; 3(3): 131 - 135. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. G. Hodge Jr, A. M. Garcia, E. D. Anderson, and T. Kaufman Emergency legal preparedness for hospitals and health care personnel. Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness, June 1, 2009; 3(2 Suppl): S37 - S44. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. James From the editor-in-chief. Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness, March 1, 2009; 3(1): 3 - 4. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
